The Impact of Iodine Deficiency on Thyroid Function in Dogs

1. Thyroid Hormone Production:
   • The thyroid gland in dogs, as in humans, produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are essential for regulating metabolism. These hormones contain iodine atoms, making iodine an indispensable component of their synthesis.
2. Goiter Development:
3. A primary consequence of iodine deficiency is the development of a goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. This occurs as the gland tries to compensate for the lack of iodine by growing larger to capture more of the mineral from the bloodstream.
4. Hypothyroidism:
5. Prolonged iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones. Symptoms of hypothyroidism in dogs include lethargy, weight gain, dry skin and coat, and cold intolerance.
6. Developmental Issues in Puppies:
7. Iodine deficiency in pregnant dogs can lead to congenital hypothyroidism in puppies, resulting in stunted growth, mental retardation, and developmental anomalies due to insufficient thyroid hormone levels during critical growth periods.

Symptoms of Thyroid Issues in Dogs

• Lethargy and Reduced Activity: Dogs may become unusually tired and reluctant to engage in regular activities.
• Weight Gain: Despite a normal or reduced appetite, dogs with thyroid issues often gain weight due to a slowed metabolism.
• Skin and Coat Problems: Dogs may develop dry, flaky skin and a dull coat. Hair loss is also common, particularly around the tail and hindquarters.
• Cold Intolerance: Affected dogs may seek out warm places and shiver more easily.
• Reproductive Issues: In breeding animals, fertility may be affected, and there may be an increased risk of stillbirths and deformities in puppies.

Prevention

Ensuring a balanced diet that includes sufficient iodine is key. Natural sources to keep the Iodine level: fish, eggs and iodised salts.